In DES Collaboration (2025)
          we present the first set of cosmological constraints derived with ~16,000 optically selected redMaPPer
          clusters across nearly 5,000 deg^2 using DES Year 3 data sets. Our analysis leverages a consistent modeling
          framework for galaxy cluster cosmology and DES-Y3 3x2pt, ensuring direct comparability with the DES-Y3 3x2pt
          analysis. We obtain constraints of S8 = 0.864+0.035-0.035 and Ωm = 0.265+0.019-0.031 from the cluster-based
          data vector. We find that cluster constraints and 3x2pt constraints are consistent under the ΛCDM model with a
          PPD value of 0.53. The consistency between clusters and 3x2pt provides a stringent test of ΛCDM across
          different mass and spatial scales. Jointly analyzing clusters with 3x2pt further improves cosmological
          constraints, yielding S8 = 0.811+0.022-0.020 and Ωm= 0.294+0.022-0.033, a 24% improvement in the Ωm-S8
          figure-of-merit over 3x2pt alone. Moreover, we find no significant deviation from the Planck CMB constraints
          (PTE=0.6), significantly reducing previous S8 tension claims. Finally, combining DES 3x2pt, DES clusters, and
          Planck CMB places an upper limit on the sum of neutrino masses of ∑mν < 0.26 eV at 95% confidence under the
          ΛCDM model. These results establish optically selected clusters as a key cosmological probe and pave the way
          for cluster-based analyses in upcoming Stage-IV surveys such as LSST, Euclid, and Roman. 

	   To et al, 2025, ArXiv e-prints 2503.13631: Method, Simulation
            construction, and Validation for large-scale cluster cosmology analyses to DES-Y6 precision.


	    

DES Y3 Redmapper catalog:
y3_redmapper_v6.4.22+2_release.h5